How Do Birthdays and Aging Work in Japan?

This may seem like an odd question, but I’m doing personal research into the Japanese school system along with Japan in general.

Say a student is born on April 1, 2009. In the United States, they would turn 15 on April 1, 2024. In Japan, does the same rule apply? I’ve read articles that still leave me confused, but I think what it said was that the age of the person doesn’t actually increase until the day after.

So if you’re a first year in high school, for instance, and your birthday is December 2. If it’s now December 2, would you not say that you’re 16 until the day after? I want to be sure I’m understanding how the system actually works.

I read something about Civil Code Article 143 but I’m really not familiar at all to understand. I just wanted someone with more knowledge to answer.

Thank you for indulging in my weird questions.

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