Dependent tax deductions

Bckground, I moved to Japan last year and a third-party firm ABC handled my tax returns. I’m now trying to figure out how they calculated the thing, specifically the dependent deductions.

Q1. I can’t quite figure out why there’s both national and local tax deductions. Can they both be applied together, or only the minimum of the two?

Q1a. If both of them can be applied, do they apply on the same amount? For e.g. I transfer 400k, and claim the max amount, 380k and 330k, on national and local tax respectively.

This feels like tax ~fraud~ shenanigans, but from looking at my return last year, it kinda seems like that’s what ABC did.

Q1b. Also as a general question, if national and local tax deductions have overlapping sections (like the dependent deduction), can we use the same amount in both, instead of having to have different amounts in each?

Q2. I’m using machine translation for the webpage [1], which translates 同居老親等 as “Elderly parents living together”. Looking at my tax return, ABC has classified this as the deduction amount for my grandparents. The thing is, a) they’re not my parents, and b) they’re not in Japan but, c) they are over 70 yrs and, d) they do live together with each other. Translating 同居老親等 word by word seems to imply they should be living with me. How is this going to be interpreted?

[1] https://www.nta.go.jp/publication/pamph/koho/kurashi/html/02_2.htm

Q3. There’s no proration on dependent deductions, right?

by kawaii48

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