How do train tickets work in Japan?

Hi everyone,

I will be doing a 2 week trip in Japan in end November to Mid December and am struggling to figure out how to get around using trains. I couldn't find an easy way to book tickets. Is there something I'm missing or is it just not possible to book train tickets in advance?

The places we were thinking of going were:
Tokyo -> Mt Fuji -> Kyoto -> Day trips (Nara, Osaka, Kobe) -> Hiroshima -> Miyajima ->Tokyo

Edit: Thank you to everyone’s advice. Looks like most travel is done using Suica/IC card and the longer trips can be booked using SmartEX.

by realiru007

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