They can be translated, of course, but Japanese has its own way of pairing up words, so trying to translate the “in” specifically is a mistake. It’s not always going to be the same. You have to figure out what you’re really trying to say and then learn to say that in Japanese.
This kind of phrasing in particular has several basic ways to translate it, each with different nuances, such as whether the emotion is merely the cause of the action (usually the two are connected with て form like others suggested) or an excess of emotion is driving the action (something like のあまり).
Rather than searching for the equivalent of the “in” (which can just as often be a “from” in English anyway), you’d do best to search by whole phrase. You can do that via Google search (*not* Google Translate) or a dictionary like [Eijiro](https://eow.alc.co.jp/).
There are ways of translating them, and で is going to be your closest one in terms of just a particle, but it’s not the same thing as ‘there is this word with this grammatical meaning’ like in English, as that’s a result of English being an analytical language. Japanese is more synthetic.
i recommend bookmarking weblio or things like it to look up sentence examples
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According to [研究社 Dictionary](https://i.postimg.cc/HxQW1GCR/2022-07-16-12-48-29-All-Dictionaries-Group1-EBWin.jpg), these phrases are usually translated using て-form. Sometimes, depending on context, they may use に(は) or で as well.
They can be translated, of course, but Japanese has its own way of pairing up words, so trying to translate the “in” specifically is a mistake. It’s not always going to be the same. You have to figure out what you’re really trying to say and then learn to say that in Japanese.
This kind of phrasing in particular has several basic ways to translate it, each with different nuances, such as whether the emotion is merely the cause of the action (usually the two are connected with て form like others suggested) or an excess of emotion is driving the action (something like のあまり).
Rather than searching for the equivalent of the “in” (which can just as often be a “from” in English anyway), you’d do best to search by whole phrase. You can do that via Google search (*not* Google Translate) or a dictionary like [Eijiro](https://eow.alc.co.jp/).
There are ways of translating them, and で is going to be your closest one in terms of just a particle, but it’s not the same thing as ‘there is this word with this grammatical meaning’ like in English, as that’s a result of English being an analytical language. Japanese is more synthetic.
i recommend bookmarking weblio or things like it to look up sentence examples
for example for “run in fear”, on weblio:
[https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/run+in+fear](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/run+in+fear)
the first example sentence uses
怯えて走った
＝おびえてはしった
but there’s often more than one way to say things, depending on what you want to stress. you could also say
走ったほど怯えた
which is closer to “was so afraid that they ran”, which focuses more on the fear than the running
however, in either case, you definitely cannot translate word by word, you have to look up intended meaning in full phrases, and consider context
Thank you all for the knowledgeable answers