市場には魚がいます。
市場に魚がいます。
Seems like both are correct grammatically but i just can’t understand what is the difference
Also 家には誰がいない 。
and 家には誰もいない。 (in the book, it shows もいない so i’m quite confused)
I have learned that がいる but not もいる, maybe it’s just negative form? I have no clue!!!
Please someone explain to me. (particle is horrible)
5 comments
市場には魚がいる is emphasizing that in the marketplace there are fish in contrast to whatever was mentioned before, or just to emphasize 市場. The second sentence is a simple declarative sentence, normal and bland.
家には誰がいない doesn’t make too much to me? it’s asking “Who is not in the house?”. Remember that in japanese, question words (like 誰 何 どこ) are placed directly where the answer would be, like in “東京大学はどこにありますか？” “東京大学はあそこにあります”.
誰もいない is a tricky one because it’s actually 誰も+ない. 誰も means “everybody/anyone”, but when paired with ない it becomes “nobody/no one”. Any question word plus も expands the meaning of it to refer to “every (thing, where, etc)”, like how “どこも” means “everywhere”.
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Not a native speaker, but from what I know は can be added after a particle to add a comparative nuance, implying there is fish there as opposed to some other place where there isn’t fish.
As for も, in your sentence, 誰も means “nobody/anybody” and が just isn’t needed in this case. Both 誰もいない and 誰がいない can be used depending on whether you wanna say “there isn’t [someone]” or “there isn’t anybody”.
は marks the topic- what is this sentence about?
に marks a location, or the means by which something is done. (E.g. I went by bus or I ate lunch in the park)
には is a combination- the location or the means it’s the topic in this case. How did you get here? Oh, I came by bus.
が marks something as a direct object, something a verb is done to. I drive the bus. (Note: Japanese verbs do not nap perfectly into English ones. Sometimes transitive verbs in Japanese are intransitive in English and vice versa)
も marks a noun, verb, or clause as ‘also’. Tanaka and I rode the bus. Today, I ate lunch in the park and did some shopping. HOWEVER- when it’s attached to a question word (誰 in t example, which means who), it makes that word into every-y. Everywhere, every time, everyone etc. So the different nuance of your examples is:
There’s not someone in the house.
There isn’t anyone in the house.
いる is a verb, meaning “to exist”. It’s used the way English uses there is/are. This verb is used for people, animals, and other living things that move around. For objects or plants, use ある.
I know it’s super basic and not addressing your post, but this is the first time I have read a title out and known all the sounds without having to look it up 🙂 Slow progress wooo.