I was looking through the daikanwajiten (大漢和辞典) and in the parts where it’s written in Chinese has these small 一 二 レ in it. I’m pretty sure I heard somewhere that it would help a Japanese person to understand what the Chinese but says, but I don’t know that what they are called.
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Kanbun is a whole system for rendering Classical Chinese in a way that’s legible to Japanese speakers. [Wikipedia has a pretty good article on the basics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanbun), including how to use those punctuation marks and what they mean.
In Japanese the symbols are called 返り点 (the term 訓点 is used for all the markings, both the 返り点 and added katakana to show okurigana or readings, which I don’t think the 大漢和辞典 provides).