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学ぶ is the dictionary or plain form of 学びます. You would use the ます-form in a formal setting and the plain form in a colloquial one. 学ぶます is gramatically wrong
– 学びました
– 学びます
– 学びたい
– 学び (as a noun or the continuative/connective form of the verb)
– 学ぶ (as the dictionary form of the verb)
The other forms are incorrect.
Have you learned about verb conjugation yet? Most of this would be covered in any introductory textbook.
学ぶ is a different way of writing 学び. That is, it is the plain form / dictionary form of 学び. You can’t say 学ぶます, as it isn’t masu form / polite form. 学ぶ is still a word though, and it can be used in different ways, so definitely don’t exclude it or forget about it. Try to learn the differences between polite form and plain form, it will help a lot! Good luck