Particles are defined by the verb and usage pattern
There might be cases where two particles are equally valid and there might be a idiomatic preference, but it’s not a grammatical issue
Counters are just connected to the nouns they’re counting, or replace them as pronouns, in which case they’re effectively just nouns and still don’t affect particle choice
Use what you’d use without a counter. In your first example you’re requesting tea お茶をください and that doesn’t change when you specify the amount of tea you’re requesting. Likewise 兄がいます doesn’t change just because you make it explicit that your number of elder brothers is one.
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They aren’t
Particles are defined by the verb and usage pattern
There might be cases where two particles are equally valid and there might be a idiomatic preference, but it’s not a grammatical issue
Counters are just connected to the nouns they’re counting, or replace them as pronouns, in which case they’re effectively just nouns and still don’t affect particle choice
Use what you’d use without a counter. In your first example you’re requesting tea お茶をください and that doesn’t change when you specify the amount of tea you’re requesting. Likewise 兄がいます doesn’t change just because you make it explicit that your number of elder brothers is one.
btw you don’t count people with つ