Why is す transliterated as “su” when it’s generally pronounced as “s”?

I noticed on Duolingo that です gets pronounced as "des". And when I was in Japan, I noticed natives using the ます form of verbs, and pronouncing that "mas".

Similar in anime; Naruto's さすけ gets pronounced "Saske" but transliterated as "Sasuke". Likewise for Evangelion's おすか.

And I've noticed to a lesser extent つ, as in あかつき ("akatsuki" vs "akatski")

So my question is, why transliterate with a "u" when it's not actually how the language is spoken?

by Syresiv

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